流程图比较少考,话说平时一个月必须考一次流程或是地图题。相对其他的类型小作文,很多人会觉得流程图和地图题比较难写,这两天给大家整理了一下这类题的写法。1. 首先找到流程图的起点,终点,再仔细看过程。所谓流程嘛,肯定有一条线让你写的。2. 其次找到图上已标出的那些英文单词,如果出现生词,尽量猜测。无词,用自己的语言。进行改写,一般是讲名词改成动词,或反之。4. 句子之间一定记得流畅合理的表示顺序的关联词。要不然就成了一对字的流水账了。5. 句型可以搭配被动,西方写作中比较中意用被动,以及主语从句(例如:It can be seen from the graph that…)。以下就是写作顺序以及词汇案例,大家可以模仿参考以下写作逻辑:开头:The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.
(所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时。流程图必备三个词:process整个过程;stage阶段;step步骤)起点:Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia.(开头不能一上来就直接介绍cacao tree,而是通过主题词chocolate引出,否则显得太唐突)【流程图特点之二:多多使用定语从句,将有关联的两句话连接。】【流程图特点之三:大量使用被动语态】The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.【流程图特点之四:使用一些表示顺序的连接词】when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.(三个句子的并列:“句子A,句子B and 句子C”。)During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.【流程图特点之五:要适当地添加个别图中没有交代但能从图片中直接读出来的一些内容,否则可能达不到字数要求。但是一定要把握尺度,千万不要加上自己的主观观点,否则会扣分】Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.终点:After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.during the period of 10 daysThe process lasts for up to 10 days10 days passed until something happened.表示然后:then, next, in the next state, following that, after that, the next step in the stage is ....表示过程:process, procedure, formation, development
时间阶段:after a period of …months/days/minutes, during…顺序连词:first, first of all, in the first stage, initially, to begin withafter that, at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhilethe first stage involves … / in the second stage / in the third stage /in the last stage / The next step in the stage is that…目的连词:in order to / in order that; so as to / so thatproduce生产,lay放置,accumulate积累,gather/collect收集,obtain获得,heat up加热,expand膨胀,bend弯曲,turn off关闭,cool down冷却,disconnect断开连接,spin旋转/纺,strike打击, compress压缩,release释放, expand膨胀, move/flow流动, accelerate加速, form形成, press按压, adjust调整, absorb吸收, form形成, process加工, rotate旋转, chop坎, grind磨(碎)/碾(碎),light点燃, burn燃烧, ignite点燃, reflect反光,turn转,starts开始, stops结束,records录音, turns up调高, turns down调低,winds缠绕, unwinds解开,revolves旋转,fold折叠,unfold打开,reverse颠倒/倒转,adapt适应,adjust调整,alter改变,cure治愈,disappear消失,dissolve溶化/解散,exchange交换,expand扩张/膨胀,fade退色,increase增长,promote促进/升职, reduce减少,renew使更新/使恢复,renovate革新/更新/修复,replace取代,swell肿胀,switch改变,transform完全改变,vary改变,swap交换,shrink收缩,melt溶解,heal/cure治愈,form/come into being/take shape形成,produce生产,gain/get/acquire获取,evaporate蒸发,volatilize挥发,draw提取,recycle回收,extract拔,absorb吸收,collect收集,meet相遇,be made up of由...组成, be made of由...制成,be made from由…制成, feed on以...为食,depend on/rely on依赖,release/send out释放,sort分类,separate分开,conveyed运送,cut into切成,poured into倒入,heated加热,melted into融化成,flows into流入地图题写作在很多书上都没有系统的指导,它有别于数据图,构思方面没有数据图那么复杂,但在语言驾驭,很多学生都感到很陌生。地图题分两种,一种为地理变迁题,一种为选址题。首先我们来看地理变迁题,它描述的是一个地方(多为一个城镇)在一段时间的发展变化。如2006年9月A 类 TASK 1, 剑1TEST 4。就这些图形,我们来总结地理变迁题的写作要点。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化,文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势,文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化,可用现完成时。(2)读题:读图标的含义,哪个是铁路,哪个是村庄等等都读明白了。要看清哪个是公路,哪个是铁路。有没有交叉点等等。确定写的顺序,是按变化写还是按位置写,还是两个的综合体。如果是要求描述变化,把明显的变化先划出,最好用词在图旁边描述,确定自己要写几点。句型多用被动语态。记得用关联的词和句子:l be predicted/be expected to do…l It is obvious/notable/noticeableIt is easy to locate/to find that…It can be seen from the graph that…A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B(in 表A 在B 内部, ON 表A 和B接壤,TO 表A 和B 分开)A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.A lies 120 km to the northwest of B.A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部, in表A 在B 内部)On the south/southern side of the riverOn both sides of the roadThe area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the roadAt the southern end of the riverA is on the opposite side of BA is on the eastern border of BA is on/ along the eastern edge of B纵观历次雅思地图题写作,不难发现无非两位置方案的二选一或“某处事物新旧变迁的过程描述”两种。请注意,一定不要忘了要结合地图中所体现的“人文与地理环境”进行相互的“比较与对比”,且体现“比对结果”;而这里的比对,前者是“横向比对”,强调各自“优缺点比对”,后者则是“纵向比对”,强调“新旧变化”。解题思路有了,那么剩下的是语言上的事情了。在语言上,请你注意以下几个方面:首先平时要多积累表示“方位、比对、变化”等方面的词汇和句子表达;其次,要注意时态的选择,“二选一”型常用一般现在时态,而“过程描述”型则要视题目而定,往往综合运用一般过去时态、一般现在时态和现在完成时态;
最后,要注意语态的把握,要主动与被动相互结合运用,记住适当被动能给考官好印象,但切忌出现人称代词。