前段时间在知乎上看到一个有关语法的joke, 和大家分享下。一个网友提问“学英语一定要学语法么?”，名叫lu Lu的网友回答“Yes. Learn English need learn grammar. Only know vocabulary is not enough. If you don’t listen me, you talk like this.”虽然这仅仅是个笑话，但是不少考生在雅思写作中会出现类似的语法错误。语法对写作提分具有重要意义，它是雅思写作四项评分标准之一，在大小作文评分中均占25%，因此本篇文章结合平时教学，总结了中国考生常犯的语法错误实例并进行了深入剖析，希望对广大考生备考有帮助。

一、主语部分常见错误

1. 动词不能充当句子主语

例句：Take maternity leave is good for women’s health.

解析：take 是一个动词，不能充当句子的主语。英语中句子的主语通常由名词或者具备名词性质的短语，词语或者从句充当。因此，这个句子可以改写成动名词充当主语。

修改：Taking maternity leave is good for women’s health.

翻译：休产假对女性的健康有好处。

2. 句子不能充当主语

例句： Environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious is an undeniable fact.

解析：整个句子的前半部分environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious是一个句子，不能充当整个句子的主语成分，可以用以下两种改法：

修改：a. It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious. (语法现象：It做形式主语，结构：It is +名词+that)

b. That environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious is an undeniable fact.(语法现象：that引导主语从句)

翻译：环境污染变得越来越严重是一个不可否认的事实。

二、谓语常见的语法错误

1. 主谓一致问题

例句：To be an irreplaceable employee require people to upgrade skills constantly.

解析：不定式做主语的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。

修改：To be an irreplaceable employee requires people to upgrade skills constantly.

翻译：要成为一个不可替代的员工需要不断地更新技能。

2. There be 句型

例句：There are many people suffer from poverty in the world.

解析：there be句型中be是谓语动词，因此这个句子里面are是谓语动词，那么suffer只能以非谓语的形式出现，因为一个句子在没有连词的情况下是不能有两个动词的。

修改：There are many people suffering from poverty in the world.

翻译：世界上有很多人遭受贫困。

3. 主句缺谓语动词

例句：A current report about a 14-year-old boy who was forced to clean streets because of destroying his school seriously which irritates an argument.

解析：这个句子的主句里面包含了一个who 引导定语从句(a 14-year-old boy who was forced to clean streets because of destroying his school seriously)，was是定语从句里的谓语动词。整个句子的主干即主句应该是A current report irritates an argument.其中irritates应该是主句的谓语动词，因此去掉原句中的which.

修改：A current report about a 14-year-old boy who was forced to clean streets because of destroying his school seriously irritates an argument.

翻译：最近一个关于14岁男孩因为严重毁坏学校而被强迫清扫街道的报告引起了争议。

三、连词引导状语从句

例句:Shopping centers are increasingly enjoying less popularity. Because people are now used to shopping on the internet which is considered to be more convenient.

解析：because, while, although, when, if 引导状语从句时，必须连接两个独立的句子,从句需依附于主句存在，因此将because前面的句号改成逗号。

修改：Shopping centers are increasingly enjoying less popularity, because people are now used to shopping on the internet which is considered to be more convenient.

翻译：购物中心越来越不受青睐，因为人们习惯了更加方便的网购。

四、固定搭配

1. 不定式符号to 与介词to的辨别问题

例句: When it comes to boost economy, many developed countries reach goals at the expense of environment.

解析：when it comes to 中to 是介词，而非不定式符号，因此后面需改成ing分词形式。类似的固定搭配有：adjust to适应,attend to处理;照料, belong to属于, refer to参考;指的是…;涉及,contribute to 有助于，促成，stick to坚持，继续，等等，考生平时需多积累这类固定搭配并熟记。

修改：When it comes to boosting economy, many developed countries reach goals at the expense of environment.

翻译：当谈论到推动经济发展，许多发达国家以牺牲环境为代价来实现目标。

五、标点符号

1. 逗号不能连接两个句子

例句：Computers make our life more colorful, this is witnessed by everyone.

解析：在英语中，逗号不能连接两个句子，可以用以下方法修改：

修改：a. Computers make our life more colorful. This is witnessed by everyone.

b. Computers make our life more colorful, and this is witnessed by everyone.

c. Computers make our life more colorful, which is witnessed by everyone.

翻译：所有人见证了，电脑使我们的生活更精彩。

其实，雅思写作中所运用的语法知识基本都是中学所学的语法内容，对于语言基础相对薄弱的考生，建议先对这些基础语法内容进行系统的复习并且通过多练笔的形式来加强巩固，然后最好找英语基础好的朋友或者专业老师批改，这样可以在考前及时查漏补缺，从而提高雅思写作整体分数。